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OS

(AIUS-OS.AE1)
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1

Introduction

  • What Operating Systems Do
  • Computer-System Organization
  • Computer-System Architecture
  • Operating-System Operations
  • Resource Management
  • Security and Protection
  • Virtualization
  • Distributed Systems
  • Kernel Data Structures
  • Computing Environments
  • Free and Open-Source Operating Systems
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
2

Operating-System Structures

  • Operating-System Services
  • User and Operating-System Interface
  • System Calls
  • System Services
  • Linkers and Loaders
  • Why Applications Are Operating-System Specific
  • Operating-System Design and Implementation
  • Operating-System Structure
  • Building and Booting an Operating System
  • Operating-System Debugging
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
3

Processes

  • Process Concept
  • Process Scheduling
  • Operations on Processes
  • Interprocess Communication
  • IPC in Shared-Memory Systems
  • IPC in Message-Passing Systems
  • Examples of IPC Systems
  • Communication in Client–Server Systems
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
4

Threads & Concurrency

  • Overview
  • Multicore Programming
  • Multithreading Models
  • Thread Libraries
  • Implicit Threading
  • Threading Issues
  • Operating-System Examples
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
5

CPU Scheduling

  • Basic Concepts
  • Scheduling Criteria
  • Scheduling Algorithms
  • Thread Scheduling
  • Multi-Processor Scheduling
  • Real-Time CPU Scheduling
  • Operating-System Examples
  • Algorithm Evaluation
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
6

Synchronization Tools

  • Background
  • The Critical-Section Problem
  • Peterson's Solution
  • Hardware Support for Synchronization
  • Mutex Locks
  • Semaphores
  • Monitors
  • Liveness
  • Evaluation
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
7

Synchronization Examples

  • Classic Problems of Synchronization
  • Synchronization within the Kernel
  • POSIX Synchronization
  • Synchronization in Java
  • Alternative Approaches
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
8

Deadlocks

  • System Model
  • Deadlock in Multithreaded Applications
  • Deadlock Characterization
  • Methods for Handling Deadlocks
  • Deadlock Prevention
  • Deadlock Avoidance
  • Deadlock Detection
  • Recovery from Deadlock
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
9

Main Memory

  • Background
  • Contiguous Memory Allocation
  • Paging
  • Structure of the Page Table
  • Swapping
  • Example: Intel 32- and 64-bit Architectures
  • Example: ARMv8 Architecture
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
10

Virtual Memory

  • Background
  • Demand Paging
  • Copy-on-Write
  • Page Replacement
  • Allocation of Frames
  • Thrashing
  • Memory Compression
  • Allocating Kernel Memory
  • Other Considerations
  • Operating-System Examples
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
11

Mass-Storage Structure

  • Overview of Mass-Storage Structure
  • HDD Scheduling
  • NVM Scheduling
  • Error Detection and Correction
  • Storage Device Management
  • Swap-Space Management
  • Storage Attachment
  • RAID Structure
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
12

I/O Systems

  • Overview
  • I/O Hardware
  • Application I/O Interface
  • Kernel I/O Subsystem
  • Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations
  • STREAMS
  • Performance
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
13

File-System Interface

  • File Concept
  • Access Methods
  • Directory Structure
  • Protection
  • Memory-Mapped Files
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
14

File-System Implementation

  • File-System Structure
  • File-System Operations
  • Directory Implementation
  • Allocation Methods
  • Free-Space Management
  • Efficiency and Performance
  • Recovery
  • Example: The WAFL File System
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
15

File-System Internals

  • File Systems
  • File-System Mounting
  • Partitions and Mounting
  • File Sharing
  • Virtual File Systems
  • Remote File Systems
  • Consistency Semantics
  • NFS
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
16

Security

  • The Security Problem
  • Program Threats
  • System and Network Threats
  • Cryptography as a Security Tool
  • User Authentication
  • Implementing Security Defenses
  • An Example: Windows 10
  • Summary
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
17

Protection

  • Goals of Protection
  • Principles of Protection
  • Protection Rings
  • Domain of Protection
  • Access Matrix
  • Implementation of the Access Matrix
  • Revocation of Access Rights
  • Role-Based Access Control
  • Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
  • Capability-Based Systems
  • Other Protection Improvement Methods
  • Language-Based Protection
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
18

Virtual Machines

  • Overview
  • History
  • Benefits and Features
  • Building Blocks
  • Types of VMs and Their Implementations
  • Virtualization and Operating-System Components
  • Examples
  • Virtualization Research
  • Summary
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography
19

Networks and Distributed Systems

  • Advantages of Distributed Systems
  • Network Structure
  • Communication Structure
  • Network and Distributed Operating Systems
  • Design Issues in Distributed Systems
  • Distributed File Systems
  • DFS Naming and Transparency
  • Remote File Access
  • Final Thoughts on Distributed File Systems
  • Summary
  • Practice Exercises
  • Exercises
  • Further Reading
  • Bibliography

1

Introduction

  • Understanding the Storage-Device Hierarchy
  • Understanding the Transition from User to Kernel Mode
  • Understanding Types of Linked Lists
2

Operating-System Structures

  • Understanding the System Calls
  • Understanding the Procedure of Executing a Program
  • Understanding the Structure of Darwin
3

Processes

  • Learning the Process State Diagram
4

Threads & Concurrency

  • Understanding the Multithreading Models
5

CPU Scheduling

  • Understanding Dispatch Latency
6

Deadlocks

  • Understanding the Safety Algorithm
7

Virtual Memory

  • Understanding Steps in Handling a Page Fault
  • Understanding Page Replacement Algorithms
8

Mass-Storage Structure

  • Understanding the Types of Disk Scheduling Algorithms
9

File-System Implementation

  • Understanding the Allocation Methods

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